Advanced AWS interview questions For Cloud Engineer & Architects

Q1. How would you design a highly available and scalable architecture for a web application using AWS services?

A highly available and scalable architecture for a web application using AWS services could include the following components:

Amazon Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) to distribute incoming traffic across multiple Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances in different availability zones.

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to automatically increase or decrease the number of EC2 instances based on the incoming traffic.

Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) or Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) for storage of the application's data and files.

Amazon RDS for a managed, highly available relational database service.

Amazon CloudFront for content delivery and caching of static assets.

Amazon Route 53 for routing and failover of DNS.

AWS Elastic Beanstalk or AWS Lambda for deploying and managing the application.

Amazon CloudWatch for monitoring and logging of the application and infrastructure.

Amazon SNS and SQS for messaging and queuing systems.

AWS ElasticCache for caching

AWS Elasticsearch for search engine.

AWS CodePipeline, CodeBuild and CodeDeploy for continuous integration and deployment.

AWS Backup for backup solution.

This architecture provides high availability and scalability by distributing traffic across multiple availability zones and automatically scaling the number of EC2 instances based on incoming traffic. Additionally, managed services such as RDS, ElasticCache and Elasticsearch, CloudFront, and CloudWatch, provide additional reliability and ease of management

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Q.2 How would you design a disaster recovery solution for an RDS database using AWS services?

Answer :  A disaster recovery solution for an RDS database using AWS services could be designed using the following steps:

1. Create a replica of the RDS database in a different Availability Zone or Region. This can be done using the built-in RDS replication feature.

2. Use Amazon CloudWatch to monitor the health of the primary RDS database and the replica. Set up alarms to notify you if there are any issues with the primary database.

3. Use Amazon SNS to send notifications to the appropriate team members in case of a disaster.

4. Use Amazon Route 53 to create a failover record set that automatically routes traffic to the replica in case the primary database becomes unavailable.

5. Use AWS Backup to automatically back up the RDS database and store the backups in Amazon S3. This will allow you to restore the database from a recent backup in case of a disaster.

6. Regularly test the disaster recovery solution to ensure it is working as expected and to identify any potential issues that need to be addressed.

7. Using AWS CloudFormation or AWS Elastic Beanstalk to automate the provisioning of the disaster recovery infrastructure and make it easier to scale up and replicate the infrastructure in case of a disaster.

8. You may consider using AWS DMS or AWS SCT for migrating your data to RDS during the disaster recovery process.

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